Cov khoom nqus hluav taws xob tawg, lattice deeg sib zog ua kom sib zog, hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv tshav kub, qhov kub nce ntxiv. Raws li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov khoom nce zuj zus, cov khoom siv lub cev ua rau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov kub. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib yam khoom ntawd nqus cov hluav taws xob txhawm rau hloov nws qhov ntsuas kub thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv lub cev, lub cev thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom yog hu ua thermal effect. Cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov teebmeem thermal hu ua thermal detectors.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm thermal detector photoelectric hloov dua siab tshiab tau muab faib ua ob kauj ruam: thawj kauj ruam yog tias lub ntsuas hluav taws xob thermal nqus cov duab hluav taws xob ua rau cov pa tawg ua rau muaj qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog tib yam rau txhua yam ntawm cov ntsuas cua, thiab cov kauj ruam thib ob siv qee yam kub ntawm thermal kuaj ntsuas los hloov ua kub hloov mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob.
Vim tias lub tshuab kuaj hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ua rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom, lawv teb rau hluav taws xob ntawm txhua lub yoj, thiaj li hu ua thermal detectors tsis xaiv cov khoom siv, uas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm photon ntes. Cov ntsuas cua kub tau tsim ua ntej tshaj li cov tshuab photon, tab sis tam sim no qee cov duab kab xev tau ze rau tom qab, thiab qhov ntsuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog tseem nyob deb ntawm lub suab nrov tom qab.
Thaum hluav taws xob tau nqus los ntawm ib yam khoom, nws hloov mus rau hauv tshav kub, thiab qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nce, nrog lwm yam cuam tshuam, xws li ntim nthuav tawm, hloov pauv rau qhov thev taus, lossis lub cim hluav taws xob tam sim no, hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm. Ntsuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev ntsuas no kom paub tias muaj thiab qhov loj ntawm hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no yog siv los ua cov ntsuas sov, ntsuas lub ntsuas, ntsuas lub ntsuas kub, cov ntsuas sov thiab cov khoom siv ua pa.
Tib neeg lub cev, tso tsheb hlau luam, dav hlau, lub nkoj tua rog, thiab lwm yam yog hluav taws xob cua kub, siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas tib neeg lub cev, tso tsheb hlau luam, dav hlau, nkoj tua rog thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob kub faib, kom paub qhov txawv thiab txheeb xyuas cov khoom no. Cov ntsuas cua kub tuaj yeem siv dav dav los kuaj tib neeg lub cev, hluav taws kub, qhov chaw kub, ntau yam ntawm cov tub rog lub hom phiaj, hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws muaj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab kev loj hlob.