Radiation yog ib lo lus uas nkag siab heev ua rau txhua tus tswv tsev tsis xis nyob. Cov ntsiab lus xov tooj cua xau, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab tshuaj lom yuav tsuas yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rau lub siab - qee yam uas koj tsis xav ntsib nrog. Lub tswb hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yuav zoo li qhov tsis sib xws, yuav ua li cas cov khoom txaus ntshai no tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj lub tsev? Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav ua tau raws li qhov teeb meem hauv lub taub hau, piav qhia meej yuav ua li cas thiab yog vim li cas cov tshuaj radioactive siv, thiab raws nraim li cas qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau koj.
Puas yuav muaj pa luam yeeb ntes ua rau muaj hluav taws xob lom?
Cov pa luam yeeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob txoj kev sib txawv; koj muaj koj cov qauv photoelectric uas suab thaum pom cov pa luam yeeb tsawg dua, thiab cov qauv ionizing, uas tuaj tos cov khoom loj dua ua ntej suab. Cov qauv ionizing zoo dua rau ib puag ncig uas yuav tsum muaj pa luam yeeb me ntsis; xws li lub chaw soj nstuam uas yuav siv Bunsen burners, lossis txawm tias chav ua noj, qhov chaw ua noj ua haus tuaj yeem ua rau lub tswb cuav.
Qhov no yuav ua rau tej yam tsis zoo; cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas koj tab tom ua noj koj cov zaub mov ntawm daim ntawv suab zoo li qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Tab sis tej yam tsis yog li ntawd phem; Cov tswb ceeb toom tsuas yog siv me me xwb, nyob ib ncig ntawm ib qho microcurie lossis tsawg dua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yuav luag txhua qhov ntsuas pa taws yuav siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hu ua americium-241. Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev laus, koj lub tshuab ntes yuav nruab nrog radium -226 lossis tej zaum nickel -63. Nco ntsoov, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog qhov xov tooj cua tsis sib kis; tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub xov tooj cua ntes tau. Txhua qhov chaw hauv xov tooj cua hauv lub ntsuas pa luam yeeb tsis tuaj yeem corrode lossis tawg. Lub hauv paus nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau foob nyob rau hauv lub ionization chamber. Lub foob tsuas tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm kev txhob txwm siv quab yuam; xws li tsoo lub ntes nrog rauj. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hluav taws kub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tawm tsawg dua 0.1 feem pua ntawm lawv cov xov tooj cua.
Nickel-63 yuav tso tawm ib qho beta particle uas tuaj yeem taug kev deb me me (nyob ib ncig ntawm ob peb ko taw) tab sis tsis tuaj yeem hla lub plhaub ntawm lub tshuab nqus pa. Ob leeg americium-241 thiab radium-226 emit ob peb beta-particles, tab sis feem ntau yuav emit alpha hais. Alpha hais mus ib qho me me nyob deb; nyob ib ncig ntawm ob peb nti. Cov yas casing ntawm lub ntsuas pa taws thaiv txhua qhov xau. Yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj, qhov tshwm sim yuav yog li 6 npaug ntawm qhov kev xav tau txhua xyoo - txawm tias qhov no suab txaus ntshai, nws qis dhau los ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv (txawm tias tsis qhia). Lub gamma hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm Americium-241 thiab radium-226 tsawg heev, uas tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntuj uas nkag mus hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm qhov chaw.
Dab tsi yog Radiation Sickness
Tam sim no peb tau tsim tias koj lub tswb ceeb toom pa taws yuav tsis ua rau muaj hluav taws xob lom, peb yuav qhia meej tias qhov hluav taws xob lom yog dab tsi thiab nws cuam tshuam rau lub cev li cas.
Radiation poisoning tseem hu ua Acute Radiation Syndrome lossis Radiation Sickness. Kev mob nkeeg yog hais txog kev puas tsuaj koj lub cev raug kev txom nyem thaum raug hluav taws xob ntau hauv ib lub sijhawm me me. Dab tsi txiav txim siab raws nraim li cas koj yuav mob los ntawm kev raug; yog tus nqi hluav taws xob koj lub cev absorbs. Tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov, koj yuav tsis tau mob hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kuaj duab koj yuav tau txais raws li tus neeg mob hauv tsev kho mob, vim tias ob qho tib si x-rays thiab CAT scans siv cov tshuaj hluav taws xob tsawg heev.
Txawm hais tias pej xeem tsis ntseeg txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev mob hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj; txawm yuav tuag. Cov kab mob kis tau nce siab hauv Nagasaki thiab Hiroshima qhov twg cov foob pob atomic tau poob hauv WWII. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov xwm txheej loj hauv nuclear tau tshwm sim ua ntej muaj kev mob hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv; xws li kev puas tsuaj Chernobyl. Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, nws yuav luag tsis muaj mob los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob, tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiag tiag.
Los xaus, hluav taws xob thiab kab mob hauv xov tooj cua yog ob yam uas txhua tus neeg xav kom zam. Kev nkag siab ntawm kev tsis ntseeg thiab txawm tias ntshai yog cov lus teb tsim nyog rau kev nrhiav pom cov pa taws ceeb toom siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov khoom siv no txhim khu kev qha, muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev nyab xeeb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv tau yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas ua tau, kaw hauv cov hlau, thiab tiv taus corrosion. Cov rays emissions yog thaiv los ntawm yas casing los yog tsis pom los ntawm lub ntuj hluav taws xob emitted los ntawm qhov chaw nws tus kheej. Yog tias koj tseem tsis ntseeg, tsis txhob ua rau koj muaj kev nyab xeeb; tsuas yog ionizing pa taws ntes siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Xyuas kom meej tias koj lub tsev tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias koj tus kheej xaiv, lub tshuab nqus pa yuav tsis lom rau koj tsev neeg tab sis txuag nws.
